I. Zaɓin ɗanyen abu da riga-kafi
1. Zabin albarkatun kasa
Iri: Zaɓi nau'ikan da ke da nama mai ƙarfi, babban abun ciki na sukari (≥14%), siffar 'ya'yan itace na yau da kullum, kuma babu kwari da cututtuka.
Balaga: Kashi tamanin bisa dari ya dace, 'ya'yan itace orange-yellow, kuma naman yana da ƙarfi. Persimmons mai girma ko danye zai shafi ingancin bayan bushewa.
Nunawa: Cire ruɓatattun 'ya'yan itace, 'ya'yan itace maras kyau, da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu lalacewa na inji.
2. Tsaftacewa da bawo
Tsaftacewa: Ƙara 0.5% dilute hydrochloric acid don jiƙa na mintuna 5-10 don haɓaka tasirin tsaftacewa, sannan kurkura da ruwa mai tsabta.
Peeling: Yi amfani da bawon hannu ko injin bawon injina don cire kwas ɗin. Idan ba a sarrafa shi nan da nan bayan bawo, ana iya jika shi a cikin cakuda gishiri 0.5% da 0.1% citric acid don hana oxidation da launin ruwan kasa.
3. Yanke da cire kara
Yanke: Yanke persimmon cikin yanka tare da kauri na kusan 0.5-1 cm. Idan kuna son yin busasshen 'ya'yan itace gabaɗaya, zaku iya tsallake matakin yanke, amma kuna buƙatar yin ɗan ƙaramin giciye a cikin tushe don sauƙaƙe ƙafewar ruwa.
Cire Stalk: Yi amfani da wuka don cire kara da calyx na persimmon don tabbatar da yanke wuri mai santsi.
II. Kariyar launi da maganin taurin (mataki na zaɓi)
1. Maganin kariyar launi
Blanching: Saka persimmon a cikin ruwan zafi a 80-90℃don minti 2-3 don lalata aikin oxidase a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara kuma hana launin ruwan kasa yayin aikin bushewa. Bayan blanching, da sauri kwantar da zafi zuwa dakin da ruwan sanyi.
Maganin sulfur: Idan ana buƙatar ajiya na dogon lokaci, ana iya amfani da fumigation na sulfur don kare launi. Sanya persimmons a cikin dakin fumigation na sulfur, yi amfani da 300-500 na sulfur ga kowane kilogiram 100 na albarkatun kasa, kunna sulfur kuma rufe shi na tsawon awanni 4-6. Ya kamata a lura cewa ragowar sulfur dole ne ya dace da ka'idodin amincin abinci.≤50mg/kg).
2. Magani mai tauri
Don nau'ikan da ke da nama mai laushi, ana iya jiƙa persimmons a cikin maganin calcium chloride na 0.1% -0.2% na tsawon sa'o'i 1-2 don taurare ƙwayar ɓangaren litattafan almara da kuma guje wa lalacewa ko lalacewa yayin bushewa. Kurkura da ruwa mai tsabta bayan jiyya.
III. Shiri kafin bushewa
1. Plating da kwanciya
Sanya persimmons ɗin da aka sarrafa a ko'ina akan tiren yin burodi ko tarkon waya, 1-2 cm ban da juna, guje wa tarawa, tabbatar da samun iska mai kyau da ƙawancen ruwa iri ɗaya. Lokacin shanya dukan 'ya'yan itacen, sanya 'ya'yan itacen zuwa sama don sauƙaƙe fitar da ruwa.
Za a iya yin tiren yin burodi da bakin karfe, bamboo ko robobin abinci, kuma ana buƙatar shafe shi kafin amfani (kamar shafa da barasa 75%) don hana gurɓatawa.
2. Pre-bushewa (natural bushewa)
Idan yanayi ya yarda, ana iya busar da persimmons a cikin rana na tsawon kwanaki 1-2 don ƙafe damshin saman da rage lokacin bushewa. A lokacin bushewa, dole ne a rufe da gauze don hana cizon sauro da gurɓataccen ƙura, kuma a juya shi sau 1-2 a rana don tabbatar da bushewa iri ɗaya.
IV. Gudanar da tsarin bushewa (maɓallai)
1. Zaɓin kayan aikin bushewa
Kayan aikin bushewa na Tuta na Yamma yana ɗaukar kulawar hankali na PLC da madaidaicin sarrafa zafin jiki; kewayon tushen zafi yana da faɗi, kamar wutar lantarki, famfo mai zafi, tururi, ruwan zafi, mai mai zafi, iskar gas, LPG, dizal, gas, biomass pellets, itacen wuta, kwal, da sauransu; bisa ga yawan amfanin ƙasa na persimmons, zaku iya zaɓar ɗakin bushewa ko na'urar bushewa.
Abin da ke biyo baya shine bayanin tsarin bushewa na ɗakin bushewa
2. Bushewa sigogi sigogi
Mataki na 1: Preheating (0-2 hours)
Zazzabi: a hankali yana ƙaruwa daga 30℃zuwa 45℃, ana sarrafa zafi a 60% -70%, kuma saurin iska shine 1-2 m / s.
Manufar: don ƙara yawan zafin jiki na ciki na persimmons daidai da kunna ƙaura na danshi zuwa saman.
Mataki na 2: bushewa akai-akai (awanni 2-10)
Zazzabi: 45-55℃, zafi ya ragu zuwa 40% -50%, saurin iska 2-3 m/s.
Aiki: Juya kayan a kowane awa 2 don tabbatar da dumama iri ɗaya. Ruwa mai yawa yana ƙafe a wannan matakin, kuma an rage nauyin persimmons da kusan 50%.
Mataki na 3: bushewa a hankali (10-20 hours)
Zazzabi: a hankali ya tashi zuwa 60-65℃, ana sarrafa zafi a ƙasa 30%, saurin iska 1-2 m/s.
Manufa: Rage yawan ƙawancen danshi, hana saman persimmons daga ɓawon burodi, da haɓaka jinkirin yaɗuwar danshin ciki a waje.
Mataki na 4: Ma'aunin sanyaya (bayan sa'o'i 20)
Zazzabi: sauke ƙasa 40℃, Kashe tsarin dumama, ci gaba da samun iska, da sanya danshi na ciki na persimmons daidai gwargwado.
Hukuncin ƙarshe: Abubuwan da ke cikin busassun persimmons yakamata a sarrafa su a 15% -20%. Naman ya kamata ya zama na roba kuma kada ya danko lokacin da aka matse shi da hannu, kuma kada ruwan 'ya'yan itace ya fita bayan yanke.
3. Hattara
A lokacin aikin bushewa, yakamata a kula da zafin jiki da zafi a cikin ainihin lokacin don guje wa yawan zafin jiki wanda zai sa persimmons ya ƙone ko rasa abubuwan gina jiki (rashin bitamin C yana da mahimmanci idan ya wuce 70).℃).
Lokacin bushewa na persimmons na nau'ikan iri daban-daban da hanyoyin yanke ya bambanta, kuma ana buƙatar daidaita sigogin tsari cikin sassauƙa. Misali, lokacin bushewar dukan 'ya'yan itace yawanci yakan wuce sa'o'i 5-10 fiye da na yankakken;'ya'yan itace.
V. Tausasawa da daraja
1. Magani mai laushi
Sanya busassun persimmons a cikin akwati da aka rufe ko jakar filastik a jera su na tsawon kwanaki 1-2 don sake rarraba danshi a cikin nama, sanya yanayin laushi da iri, da guje wa tsagewa ko taurin.
2. Grading da nunawa
Ƙididdiga ta girman, launi da siffa:
Kayayyakin aji na farko: cikakkiyar siffar, launi iri ɗaya (orange-ja ko rawaya mai duhu), babu lalacewa, mildew da ƙazanta, babban abun ciki na sukari.
Kayayyakin na biyu: Ana ba da izinin lalacewa kaɗan, launi ya ɗan ɗan fi sauƙi, kuma babu wani lahani mai tsanani.
Cire samfuran da basu cancanta ba, karye ko wari.
VI. Matsalolin gama gari da mafita
Tsananin launin ruwan kasa Kariyar launi mara kyau ko ƙarancin bushewa Ƙarfafa kariyar launi (kamar ƙara yawan zafin jiki ko ƙara lokacin fumigation na sulfur), sarrafa zafin bushewa na farko.≥45℃
Rushewar saman Yanayin zafin jiki na farko ya yi yawa Rage zafin farko, ƙara samun iska, da guje wa ƙawancen danshi da sauri.
Mildew na ciki Maɗaukakin abun ciki na ruwa ko yanayin ajiya mai ɗanɗano Tabbatar cewa abun cikin ruwa ya kasance≤20% bayan bushewa, sarrafa zafi yayin ajiya, kuma ƙara desiccant idan ya cancanta
Danɗano mai tauri Yanayin bushewa ya yi yawa ko lokacin ya yi tsayi da yawa Daidaita sigogin bushewa, gajarta lokacin yanayin zafi mai girma, kuma a yi laushi sosai.
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-02-2025
